Make the chili
Tip:
To adapt a slow-cooker recipe to a conventional oven, follow these guidelines: add more liquid, to accommodate for greater evaporation; bring the dish to a boil over high heat in a Dutch oven, then cover the pot and put in a 350°F oven. Plan on the dish taking roughly half the time to cook in the oven as it would in the slow cooker.
In a large bowl, mash together the bread and milk to form a paste. Add the meat, 1 tsp. each of salt and chili powder, and the pepper. Knead well to mix.
Heat the oil in a medium-size saucepan over medium-high heat. When hot, add the onions, garlic, and jalapeño and sauté until the onions are softened, about 3 minutes. Add the meat-bread mixture and cook, stirring with a wooden spoon, until browned, about 8 minutes. Stir in the tomato paste and flour and cook until no flour is visible, about 1 minute.
Remove the pan from the heat and add the beer. Return the pan to the heat and raise the heat to high. Cook, stirring, for about 2 minutes. Add the tomatoes with juices, stock, green chiles, lime juice, adobo sauce, remaining 1 tsp. salt, and remaining 1⁄2 tsp. chili powder. Use a potato masher to gently mash the tomatoes. Boil, stirring, for about 5 minutes. Add to the slow cooker along with the beans. Mix well, cover, and cook on low until the flavors are well melded, about 6 hours.
To serve
Using a large spoon or ladle, skim the fat off the surface of the chili. Ladle chili into serving bowls and top with the lime sour cream and jalapeños at the table. Pass bowls of plain sour cream, Cheddar, and tortilla chips at the table.