Preparation

• Put a small frying pan over medium heat. When it is hot, add oil. When oil is hot, add coriander, fennel, cumin, cloves, cardamom pods, cinnamon stick, and peppercorns. Cook the spices, stirring, until they begin to brown and release their aromas, about 30 seconds. Immediately transfer spices to a clean coffee grinder or spice grinder, and grind to a powder (you can also grind the spices in a mortar and pestle). Add turmeric and cayenne pepper and mix well.